![]() It began in the late 1950s with the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik, by the Soviet Union and ended with the United States' successful Apollo 11 mission in 1969, which landed the first humans on the moon. ![]() The United States and Russia were locked in a competition to see who could build the coolest spacecraft the fastest during the Cold War space race. Rising Tensions Non-Violent Cold War Conflicts The Space Race The organization was formed as a military alliance to counter NATO and to allow the USSR to exercise military and economic influence over Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact of 1955 was made up of Eastern European countries that were under Soviet influence. ![]() The organization was formed to counter the perceived threat of Soviet expansion in Europe and to support capitalism. NATO was formed in 1949 and was composed of Western countries, primarily from Europe and North America. During the Cold War, two main alliances were formed: the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact.
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